Question: Islam makes a woman’s testimony equals half of a man’s testimony, her inheritance equals half of his, banned her from leading public jobs and doesn’t allow her to travel without her husband’s permission, how does this go with woman’s rights?
Islam gives woman all the rights she deserves, if there are some rights in which she not equals man, this is because they have different characteristics and potentials about this. For example, Islam makes a woman’s testimony half of a man’s testimony in issues that need clear and attentive mind, because a woman naturally becomes forgetful after being pregnant and giving birth, God says about a woman’s testimony:
“And get two witnesses, out of your own men, and if there are not two men, then a man and two women, such as you choose, for witnesses, so that if one of them errs, the other can remind her.” Surat Al-Bakara, Verse 282.
To err means to forget, as she naturally does after being pregnant and giving birth.
As for leading public jobs, we discussed it in details in the eleventh question entitled (Woman and public jobs).
As for not allowing her to travel without her husband’s permission, this illustrates that Islam concerns her safety very much, and doesn’t want her to be exposed to dangers as she is weak and can’t face this on her own. We see Imam Al-Shafey allows a woman to travel alone to perform the duty of Hajj on condition that she accompanies other good women.
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