Islam allows polygamy, i.e. a man can marry up to four wives, and it doesn’t allow a woman to marry more than one man at a time so as not to mingle or mix lineages, if she marries two men at same time and gets pregnant, she doesn’t know whose baby is this. There are many reasons for allowing it for man such as:
1- Man might have strong desire whereas sometimes it is not allowed to do sex with a woman when she has her period or postpartum, this might be hard for him and his soul might lead him to illegal ways to satisfy his desire. So God allows him to marry another one if one wife can’t satisfy his needs and at the same time he can financially and physically afford having two or three or four, and no man ever can afford more than this.
2- Man might marry a woman and she is sterile and can’t give birth and at the same time he loves her and doesn’t want to divorce her, but the nature of loving to have his own children controls him so he has to marry another wife and have them both at the same time to have children from the second one and still live with the first one as he also loves her.
3- The wife might be ill and doctors prohibit husband to make love with her and they might be in love and don’t want to leave each other, then he can marry another one to satisfy his needs legally and keep his first wife at the same time as being faithful to her.
4- In wars as most soldiers are men, sometimes lots of them are killed in wars, then the proportion of women gets bigger, if it is only allowed to marry one wife, then there will be lots of women without husbands. There is no way out of this problem except by allowing a man to marry more than one wife as long as he can afford this. The same thing happened in Germany after the First and Second World War, most of the youths were killed and the number of women grew rapidly, so the governments at that time discussed allowing polygamy to face this dangerous social problem. This gets some people in our modern society to encourage polygamy when they noticed that the number of women exceeds the number of men and also the number of spinsters gets bigger in our society.
5- We see in our society and also in modern societies that many women lose their husbands while they are still young and they have young children, so young men don’t agree to marry them and at the same time they are humans and they have sexual needs, so they can only marry a man who has another wife, so that they get satisfied and we see that God grants man what he needs to do this and by this they don’t need illegal ways to satisfy their needs, so there will be chasteness and virtue in society instead of corruption which will die soon.
So we see Islam orders to marry one wife and only allows polygamy in few cases as we mentioned on condition that man can afford this considering sex, expenses, residence and being just among wives, God says about this:
“Marry women of your choice, Two or three or four; but if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one,”
Surat An’nesaa’, Verse 3.
So we see that God stipulates polygamy to being just in expenses, residence, rights and duties.
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